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Orientalische Kunstgeschichte |
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Orientalische Kunstgeschichte |
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Nasiba Baimatowa
Since ancient times settled people of Central Asia roofed their buildings by raw brick domes. The study and classification of dome forms of building remnants in Margiana, Khorezm, Bactria-Tokharistan and Sogdiana according to archeological data made it possible to establish some groups and subgroups that can be territorially drawn towards two zones "western" and "eastern". The cupolae of Margiana and Khorezm (western zone) chronologically date back to antiquity and early medieval but dome roofings of Bactria-Tokharistan and Sogdiana (eastern zone) have remained mainly on buildings constructed in early medieval. Chronological following of cupolae of one zone after another as if doesn't explain variety of distinctive features characterising each type of vault roofings by itself.
Stand 11. Februar 2001
Gewölbebauten in Margiana und Chorasmien - sind wechselseitige Einflüsse vorhanden?
To determine distinctive features of cupola constructions in both zones we had to draw a map of remnants of dome roofings under research. The map visually demonstrates that Central Asian masters have developed vault constructions adaptable to seismic conditions of this territory. Builders of Margiana and Khorezm were absolutely free in choosing dome structures with wide span for example, such complicated dome - shaped roofings as compound cupolae consisting of arches and vault parts, e. i. cloistral and cross vaults.
But in Bactria-Tokharistan and Sogdiana chambers with small span were usually roofed by domes of circular base having clearly marked out transition zone. Most seismoresistant domes, the so-called "balkhi" were erected here with wide spans.
The study of dome roofings and analysis of their specific signs enabled us to establish distinctive features of each type. It demonstrated various combinations of masonry and dome forms in Central Asian architecture that is not met in neigboring regions.
The report will be accompanied by demonstration of slides and drawings.